University Press of New England, The state of New Hampshire is in northern New England, bordered by Vermont to the west, Maine to the east, Massachusetts to the south, and Canada to the north. The Connecticut River, which begins in Canada and empties into the Long Island Sound, runs along the western border of New Hampshire and, in the colonial period, functioned as a route for trade -- both of commodities and ideas -- between southern New England and the northernmost parts of America.
New Hampshire was originally inhabited by large groups of Abenakis who spoke a dialect of Algonquin distinct from New England tribes to the south, but by , disease and war had brought their number to only 5, European fishing fleets had travelled to the coast of New Hampshire since at least , but English settlement of New Hampshire formally began when Captain John Mason, Governor of Portsmouth in Hampshire, England, was granted land in the region in The New England colonies were one of three groups comprising the 13 original colonies.
The other two groups were the Middle Colonies and the Southern Colonies. Settlers of the New England Colonies enjoyed mild summers but endured very harsh long winters. One advantage of the cold was that it helped to limit the spread of disease, a considerable problem in the warmer climates of the Southern Colonies. Under the direction of Captain John Mason and his short-lived Laconia Company, two groups of settlers arrived at the mouth of the Piscataqua River and established two fishing communities, one at the mouth of the river and one eight miles upstream.
David Thomson set sail for New England in , with 10 others and his wife, and landed and established a plantation at the mouth of the Piscataqua, near what is Rye, called Odiorne's Point; it only lasted for a few years.
The Hiltons obtained financial support to buy land in , and by , a group of 66 men and 23 women were sent out to the budding colony. Fish, whales, fur, and timber were important natural resources for the New Hampshire colony. Much of the land was rocky and not flat, so agriculture was limited. For sustenance, settlers grew wheat, corn, rye, beans, and various squashes. The mighty old-growth trees of New Hampshire's forests were prized by the English Crown for their use as ships masts. Many of the first settlers came to New Hampshire, not in search of religious freedom but rather to seek their fortunes through trade with England, primarily in fish, fur, and timber.
The primary Indigenous peoples living in the New Hampshire territory when the English arrived were the Pennacook and Abenaki, both Algonquin speakers. The early years of English settlement were relatively peaceful.
Relations between the groups began to deteriorate in the latter half of the s, largely due to leadership changes in New Hampshire. During the war, English missionaries and the Indigenous peoples whom they converted to Puritan Christians combined forces against independent Indigenous peoples.
The colonists and their allies prevailed overall, killing thousands of Indigenous men, women, and children over the course of multiple battles. There remained, however, no unity between colonists and their surviving Indigenous allies, and a deep resentment quickly separated them.
Those Indigenous peoples who had not been killed or enslaved moved northward to locations including New Hampshire. The town of Dover was a focal point of struggle between the settlers and the Pennacook, where settlers built numerous garrisons for defense giving Dover the nickname "Garrison City" that persists today. The Pennacook attack on June 7, , is remembered as the Cochecho Massacre. This activity can be copied directly into your Google Classroom, where you can use it for practice, as an assessment, or, to collect data.
Upgrade to MrN to access our entire library of incredible educational resources and teacher tools in an ad-free environment. If you like MrNussbaum. Advertise HERE! LogIn to. Remove ads.
0コメント